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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Akan/a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 gull 2 white partridge face="Times New Roman Star"1 чайка 2 куропатка face="Times New Roman Star"ag|aja, ag|ajan| (Sag., Kach.) 'a k. of bird' face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ag|anaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 9. face="Times New Roman Star"*Alk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to finish; destroy; (refl.) perish, be exhausted, come to an end face="Times New Roman Star"заканчивать, выполнять; уничтожать face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (Orkh., OUygh.), alq-yn- (refl.) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (MK , IM ), alq-yn- refl. (MK , IM ), alqys?- 'to destroy each other' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"alk- (dial.); alk-ys?- (Old Osm.) 'to destroy (many)' face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to weaken' (Р I 390), 'to rage' (Юд. 51) (?) face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath, chafe' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, 137, 138-139; VEWT 17. Reflexes in modern languages are not quite secure. The reflexive form alkyn- 'weaken' (but note the difference in meanings in R and in modern dictionaries) may be derived both from *alk- and from *alyk- 'to deteriorate, disintegrate' (EDT 138), which belongs rather to *Al 'silly, weak', alyg| 'bad, weak, wicked' (in any case, cannot be morphologically identified with *alk-), thus modern languages may exhibit a contamination. face="Times New Roman Star"*kel/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 skin 2 gall between camel's front legs face="Times New Roman Star"1 шкура 2 потертость между передними ногами верблюда face="Times New Roman Star"kes?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ke's? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 60-61 (joining this root with kes? 'quiver' is hardly possible). face="Times New Roman Star"*en| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"very face="Times New Roman Star"очень face="Times New Roman Star"en| (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"en| (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"en face="Times New Roman Star"in| face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"a"n| face="Times New Roman Star"jen| face="Times New Roman Star"a"n face="Times New Roman Star"in| face="Times New Roman Star"in|, dial. nin| face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"en|in 'diverse, various' face="Times New Roman Star"en|in-en|in 'diverse' face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"in| face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"hen| face="Times New Roman Star"en|k face="Times New Roman Star"en| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 45, EDT 166, ЭСТЯ 1, 365-366, Stachowski 43. Turk. > Mong. en|, see TMN 2, 130. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyna face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"helminth face="Times New Roman Star"глист face="Times New Roman Star"xyna face="Times New Roman Star"qyna face="Times New Roman Star"qyna 'вредитель хлебных злаков' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. face="Times New Roman Star"*A:r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"few, a little face="Times New Roman Star"немного face="Times New Roman Star"az (Orkh. ПМК , OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"az (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az, e|z face="Times New Roman Star"o|z face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"a:z face="Times New Roman Star"as face="Times New Roman Star"as face="Times New Roman Star"as face="Times New Roman Star"ha`z face="Times New Roman Star"as face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"ad|, a"d| face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"az face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, VEWT 32, ЭСТЯ 1, 93-94 face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"gde ( ? -o"-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dagger face="Times New Roman Star"кинжал face="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 325, TMN 2, 294-295, Лексика 566. Turk. > Pers. bogda 'big knife'. face="Times New Roman Star"*budur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"quail face="Times New Roman Star"перепелка face="Times New Roman Star"budursyn (MK ); bujurc?un, bujurc?yn (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"(pudurc?un, pu"du"rc?u"n) face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|rz?|ъgan 'wagtail' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309, Лексика 173, ЭСТЯ 2, 305-306. The root was strongly influenced by *byldur- (q. v. sub *pi_o>/ltorV ); this explains the Khak. form (one would expect puzur-). face="Times New Roman Star"*bokana face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"false ribs face="Times New Roman Star"ложные ребра face="Times New Roman Star"pog|ana face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ono so"o"k face="Times New Roman Star"boqono face="Times New Roman Star"bug|ana (su"jek) face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ana (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 305, Лексика 275. face="Times New Roman Star"*ba.lgyn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 tamarisk, 2 viburnum face="Times New Roman Star"1 тамариск 2 калина face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|una, (dial.) malg|una (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"balxi 'white mulberry' face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 (РУС 1956) face="Times New Roman Star"palan 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"balxy 'a k. of white mulberry' face="Times New Roman Star"palan 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(palan < Tat.), (*polan > Mari polan 2) face="Times New Roman Star"bylax 'white willow; willow branches as fodder' face="Times New Roman Star"balg|yn 1 'a k. of bush similar to z?ylg|yn' face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 (Karach.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 338, ЭСТЯ 2, 52, VEWT 59, 324, Дмитр. 189, 201. Turk. > Mong. balg|u, balg|una 'tamarisk'. Forms like balxy may be secondarily modified ('Balkh mulberry'), but in any case not < Iranian. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"cedar, pinus Siberica face="Times New Roman Star"кедр, сибирская сосна face="Times New Roman Star"mo"s?, = dial. (Баск. Туба ) face="Times New Roman Star"bes 'pine', dial. 'larch bast' (ДСЯЯ 1 81) face="Times New Roman Star"po"`s?, (Castr. Krg.) bo"js? face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 71. face="Times New Roman Star"*bol/gu- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to learn 2 to teach, make learn 3 teaching 4 student face="Times New Roman Star"1 учиться 2 учить, наставлять, заставлять выучить 3 наставление 4 ученик, подмастерье face="Times New Roman Star"bos?g|u-n- 1, bos?g|u-t-, bos?g|u-r- 2, bos?g|ut 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bos?g|ut 4 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 82, EDT 379. Derivation from bos?ug| 'allowance, pardon' (EDT ) is hardly plausible. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to join, intertwine, adhere 2 to wind, weave face="Times New Roman Star"1 присоединяться, переплетаться, примыкать 2 плести, ткать face="Times New Roman Star"bu"tu"s?- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ter- 'крутить, свертывать' face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|d@w|r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis- 'мириться' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"to"rgo"s 'деталь ткацкого станка' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309-310. Федотов 1, 427 face="Times New Roman Star"*bora- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 North wind 2 to snow heavily face="Times New Roman Star"1 северный ветер 2 обильно падать (о снеге) face="Times New Roman Star"bora(k) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 80, ЭСТЯ 2, 189-192, Лексика 45. face="Times New Roman Star"*go"pe(ne) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"haystack face="Times New Roman Star"стог сена face="Times New Roman Star"geben face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be face="Times New Roman Star"koba face="Times New Roman Star"xo"pe:n face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be| face="Times New Roman Star"keben face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 15, 80, Федотов 1, 308-309. Turk. > Hung. kepe 'sheaf', see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"b- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to pound, hit (laundry) face="Times New Roman Star"бить, выбивать (белье) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"je|- face="Times New Roman Star"kiv- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, Федотов 1, 268, 290. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kog- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to drive, pursue face="Times New Roman Star"гнать, преследовать face="Times New Roman Star"kog|- (since 17th cent.) face="Times New Roman Star"qog|la- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"xog|- face="Times New Roman Star"qog|- face="Times New Roman Star"kuola:- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275 (should be distinguished from PT *Kob-). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurgak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"palate face="Times New Roman Star"не'бо face="Times New Roman Star"xurg|ax face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 303, Лексика 230. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ur/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"beetle face="Times New Roman Star"жук face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uz (Yen., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uz (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|yz face="Times New Roman Star"qu.n|giz face="Times New Roman Star"qon|Guz face="Times New Roman Star"xo:s (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qon|us, qon|ys, qomys face="Times New Roman Star"xъw|mъw|r 'drone' face="Times New Roman Star"xomurduos face="Times New Roman Star"komurduos face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uz face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yz face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yz face="Times New Roman Star"qun|yd| face="Times New Roman Star"qomuz face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, EDT 641, Лексика 187, ЭСТЯ 6, 61-62, Stachowski 152. Turkic > MMong. (MA ) qonquz. A hardly plausible explanation of the Yak. form as "brown pig" see in Щербак 1997 , 140-141. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kek- / *Kak- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 curved 2 stick with a hook 3 latch 4 to bend 5 to bend one's neck face="Times New Roman Star"1 кривой 2 палка с крюком 3 щеколда 4 гнуться 5 выгибать шею face="Times New Roman Star"keke, dial. gege 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ke|kre, ke|jre 1, 2, ke|kre|j- 4, (Sib.) ke|ge| 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kekkaj-, qaqqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kagъr 2, 3, kagъr-t- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ij-, kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekej- 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekirej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"kere 1, ka"kera"j- 4, ka"ka"-n|-la"- 'извиваться о змее', qaqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kejkej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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